OECD Sponsored workshop
Practical and innovative measures
for the control of
agricultural phosphorus losses to water
Tuesday 16 June - Friday 19 June 1998
at
Greenmount College of Agriculture and Horticulture,
Northern Irel and
Workshop paper abstracts & poster papers
Edited by R.H. Foy and R. Dils
Foreword
On behalf of the Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland and the Queen’s University of Belfast, I am pleased to extend a warm welcome to all the speakers and delegates who are attending this OECD Workshop. The number of countries represented bear testimony to the continuing and growing interest in the topic of agricultural phosphorus loss to water. Indeed, eutrophication as a water quality issue shows no sign of abating. Rather the reverse is true, with concerns regarding its impact on river habitats coming to the fore, not to mention new and more exotic algal species and toxins manifesting themselves, almost it seems, on an annual basis.
This Workshop follows on from the Wexford Workshop, Phosphorus Loss to water from agriculture held at Johnstown Castle in 1995. Those, including myself, who attended that workshop were agreed that phosphorus loss from land is a definable problem and that management action by farmers would be necessary to alleviate the adverse consequences of excessive phosphorus inputs to our aquatic systems. Under these circumstances it is essential that the best available scientific advice is on hand when deciding on measures which will lower phosphorus losses. This workshop is therefore timely in bringing together experts from many agronomic disciplines, who can provide an international assessment on practical and innovative control measures. Undoubtedly it is essential that all those directly involved within the agricultural industry critically and collectively examine current practices to identify how improvements can be made. I look to this Workshop for help in devising these practical solutions.
On behalf of the workshop organisers I wish to acknowledge with thanks, the financial support provided by the OECD. The workshop has also received support, which is very much appreciated, from the EU through the INTERREG programme and the Fertiliser Manufacturers Association.
DR CECIL H McMURRAY
Chief Scientific Officer
Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland
Acknowledgements
This workshop is organised under the aegis of the OECD Co-operative Research Programme: Biological resource management for sustainable agricultural systems, Theme 4 Surface & ground water quality and agricultural practices.
In addition the workshop organisers wish to acknowledge support from the EU Interreg Initiative administered through the Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland, the Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland & the Fertiliser Manufacturers Association.
Organising Committee
R.H. Foy Agricultural & Environmental Science Division, Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland.
A.N. Sharpley USDA-ARS Pasture Systems and Watershed Laboratory, USA.
P.J.A. Withers ADAS Bridgets, UK.
H. Tunney TEAGASC, Johnstown Castle Research Centre, Ireland.
R. Dils Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, The Queen’s University Belfast.
L.A. McLarnon Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, The Queen’s University Belfast.
Workshop Programme
Tuesday 16 June 1998
Introductory Papers
13.30 Workshop Opening
13.45 Processes governing phosphorus bioavailability in temperate soils and their relevance to phosphorus loss to water. Emmanuel Frossard (Institute of Plant Sciences, ETH Zurich Switzerland), Leo Condron (New Zealand), A. Oberson (Switzerland), S. Sinaj (Switzerland) & J.C. Fardeau (France).
14.15 Potential for preferential pathways for phosphorus transport. Regis Simmard (Agriculture Canada), Philip Haygarth (UK) & Suzanne Beauchemin (Canada).
15.45 Prospects for controlling diffuse phosphorus loss to water. Paul Withers (ADAS, UK), Ian Davidson (MAFF) & Bob Foy (Northern Ireland).
16.15 Nutrient management planning: justification, theory, practice. Doug Beegle (Penn State University, USA), Owen Carton (Ireland) & John Bailey (Northern Ireland).
Wednesday 17 June 1998
Managing P inputs to crops
9.00 Phosphorus in agriculture: Some aspects of maximising benefit and minimising risk in farming practice. Barry Higgs (Fertiliser Manufacturers Association, UK), A. E. Johnston (IACR-UK), J. L. Salter (Fertiliser Manufacturers Association, UK) & C. J. Dawson (Chris Dawson and Associates, UK).
9.25 Innovative measures for soil testing and defining phosphorus requirements of arable crops. Christian Morel (INRA, France), H. Tunney (TEAGASC Ireland), D. Plénet (INRA France) & S. Pellerin (INRA France).
Phosphorus in animal diets and manures
13.25 Prospects for minimising phosphorus-excretion in ruminants by dietary manipulation. Henk Valk (ID-DLO, Netherlands), John Metcalf (UK) & Paul Withers (UK).
13.50 Reducing phosphorus excretion from poultry. Kertsin Oloffs (Martin Luther Universitat Halle Wittenberg, Germany), J. Cossa & H. Jeroch (Germany).
14.15 A review of phosphorus utilisation in pigs. Hanne Damgaard-Poulsen (Research Centre Folum, Denmark).
14.35 Recommendations on phosphorus-supply for pigs with respect to pig performance and the environment. Andreas Berk & E. Schulz (Institute of Animal Nutrition, Germany).
16.00 Reducing phosphorus runoff and inhibiting ammonia loss from poultry manure with aluminium sulfate. Philip A. Moore, Jr. (University of Arkansas, USA), T.C. Daniel (USA) & D.R. Edwards (USA).
Thursday 18 June 1998
Soil tests as a management tool
8.45 Integrating soil phosphorus testing into environmentally based agricultural management practices. Tom Sims (University of Delaware, USA), R. R. Simard (Canada), O. F. Schoumans (Netherlands) & A. C. Edwards (Scotland).
9.15 Developing an indicator to predict the risk of soil phosphorus movement in drainage water. Philip C. Brookes (IACR Rothamsted, UK) & N. Hesketh (UK).
9.40 Modelling soil P quality and P leaching to groundwater and surface water. Oscar Schoumans (DLO Winand Staring Centre, Netherlands) & Piet Groenendijk (NL).
Phosphorus control measures
11.00 Practical techniques for controlling soil water erosion from arable land. Brian Chambers (ADAS, UK), T.W.G. Garwood & R.J. Unwin (UK).
11.30 Buffer zones and constructed wetlands as filters for agricultural phosphorus. Jaana Uusi-Kämppä, Risto Uusitalo, Hakan Jansson (Agricultural Research Centre of Finland), Bent Braskerud & Nina Syversen (Centre for Soil and Environmental Research, Norway).
13.30 Integrating phosphorus and nitrogen management at the catchment scale. Louise Heathwaite (University of Sheffield, UK), Andrew Sharpley & William Gburek (USDA-ARS, USA).
13.55 Risk assessment indices for phosphorus losses from the landscape. Jerry Lemunyon (USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, USA) & W.L. Magette (UCD, Ireland).
14.20 New Zealand experience in measuring, modelling and managing sources of phosphorus in catchment runoff. Alan G. Gillingham, B.S Thurrold, D.M Wheeler (AgResearch, New Zealand) & H. Rodda (National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, New Zealand).
Lough Neagh
16.30 Increasing diffuse phosphorus losses in the Lough Neagh catchment: soil phosphorus accumulation vs increasing manure phosphorus losses. Roger Smith (Department of Agriculture, NI)
18.30 Maid of Antrim Cruise on Lough Neagh
Friday 19 June 1998
Future research areas
9.00 Site specific considerations for managing phosphorus. Jim Schepers (Univ. of Nebraska, USA), G.E. Varvel & M.L. Schlemmer (USDA- Agricultural Research Service).
9.30 Novel techniques for assessing impacts of phosphorus transfer to running waters. Tony Edwards, H. Twist (MLURI - Scotland) & G.A. Codd (Dundee University, UK).
11.00 Phosphorus research strategies to meet the challenges of the 21st century. Andrew Sharpley (USDA-ARS, USA) & H. Tunney (Ireland).
Contents of Workshop Proceedings
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Abstracts of invited papers |
Pages |
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Processes governing phosphorus bioavailability in temperate soils and their relevance to phosphorus loss to water. |
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E. Frossard, L.M. Condron, A. Oberson, S. Sinaj and J.C. Fardeau |
1 |
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Potential for preferential pathways for phosphorus transport. |
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R.R. Simmard, P.M. Haygarth and S. Beauchemin |
2-4 |
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Prospects for controlling diffuse phosphorus loss to water. |
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P.J.A Withers, I.A. Davidson and R.H. Foy |
5 |
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Nutrient management planning: justification, theory, practice. |
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D.B. Beegle, O.T. Carton and J. Bailey |
6 |
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Phosphorus in agriculture: some aspects of maximising benefit and minimising risk in farming practice. |
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B. Higgs, A.E. Johnston, J.L. Salter and C.J. Dawson |
7-8 |
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Innovative measures for soil testing and defining phosphorus requirements of arable crops. |
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C. Morel, H. Tunney, D. Plénet and S. Pellerin |
9 |
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Prospects for minimising phosphorus-excretion in ruminants by dietary manipulation. |
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H. Valk, J.A. Metcalf and P.J.A. Withers |
10 |
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Reducing phosphorus excretion from poultry. |
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K. Oloffs, J. Cossa and H. Jeroch |
11 |
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A review of phosphorus utilisation in pigs. |
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H. Damgaard-Poulsen |
12 |
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Recommendations on phosphorus-supply for pigs with respect to pig performance and the environment. |
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A. Berk and E. Schulz |
13 |
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Reducing phosphorus runoff and inhibiting ammonia loss from poultry manure with aluminium sulfate. |
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P. A. Moore, Jr., T.C. Daniel and D.R. Edwards |
14 |
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Integrating soil phosphorus testing into environmentally based agricultural management practices. |
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J.T. Sims, R.R. Simmard, O.F. Schoumans and A.C. Edwards |
15 |
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Developing an indicator to predict the risk of soil phosphorus movement in drainage water. |
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P.C. Brookes and N. Hesketh |
16 |
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Modelling soil phosphorus quality and phosphorus leaching to groundwater and surface water. |
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O.F. Schoumans and P. Groenendijk |
17 |
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Practical techniques for controlling soil water erosion from arable land. |
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B. Chambers, T.W.G. Garwood and R.J. Unwin |
18-19 |
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Buffer zones and constructed wetlands as filters for agricultural phosphorus. |
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J. Uusi-Kämppä, R. Uusitalo, H. Jansson, B. Braskerud and N. Syversen |
20 |
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Integrating phosphorus and nitrogen management at the catchment scale. |
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|
A.L. Heathwaite, A.N. Sharpley and W. Gburek |
21 |
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Risk assessment indices for phosphorus losses from the landscape. |
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J. Lemunyon and W.L. Magette |
22 |
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New Zealand experience in measuring, modelling and managing sources of phosphorus in catchment runoff. |
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A.G. Gillingham, B.S. Thurrold, D.M. Wheeler and H. Rodda |
23 |
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Site specific considerations for managing phosphorus. |
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J.S. Schepers, G.E. Varvel and M.L. Schlemmer |
24 |
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Novel techniques for assessing impacts of phosphorus transfer to running waters. |
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A.C. Edwards, H. Twist and G.A. Codd |
25 |
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Phosphorus research strategies to meet the challenges of the 21st century. |
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A.N. Sharpley and H. Tunney |
26-27 |
Poster Papers
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1. Modelling soil phosphorus transfer |
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A conceptual model for describing phosphorus transfer from agricultural soils. |
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P.M. Haygarth and S.C. Jarvis |
30-31 |
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Modelling soil transport processes for soluble and particulate phosphorus. |
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M. McGechan and D.R. Lewis |
32-33 |
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Modelling phosphorus transport in agricultural catchments. |
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S. Tattari and I. Bärlund |
34-35 |
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Assessment of agricultural management practices on phosphorus loads |
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I. Bärlund, S. Tattari and S. Rekolainen |
36-37 |
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Simulation of the phosphorus cycle in soil by icecream. |
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K. Siimes, M. Yli-Halla and H-R. Tuhkanen |
38-39 |
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Effect of tillage erosion on soil P status and potential P loss. |
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G. Heckrath, E. Sibbesen and G. Govers |
40-41 |
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Modelling phosphorus desorption from spherical aggregates. |
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W.J. Chardon and P. de Willigen |
42-43 |
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2. Nutrient Management Planning and Phosphorus Recommendations |
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Cost 832 'Quantifying the agricultural contribution to eutrophication' |
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P.J.A. Withers and W.J. Chardon |
46-47 |
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Using whole farm phosphorus budgets to improve phosphorus use efficiency. |
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S. Fortune and E. Stockdale |
48-49 |
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Reducing the phosphorus surplus in dairy farming systems. |
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P.J.A. Withers and S. Peel |
50-51 |
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Modelling in support of sustainable lowland grassland cattle systems. |
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K. Topp, C. Watson, A. Hameleers, J. Bax, M. McGechan, C. Thomas and G. Fisher |
52-53 |
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Phosphorus in Danish agriculture: input, accumulation and losses. |
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R. Grant |
54-55 |
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Actual non-sustainable and future sustainable phosphorus balance of |
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K. Isermann |
56-57 |
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Nutrient management issues for North Carolina. |
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S.C. Hodges, D.A. Crouse and D.L. Osmond |
58-59 |
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Nutrient management planning: Lough Erne, Northern Ireland. |
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R.M. Dils, N.M. Coyle, J.S. Bailey and R.H. Foy |
60-61 |
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Phosphorus reductions: the Loch Leven experience. |
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D.F. Flint |
62-63 |
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Phosphorus recommendations for dairying. |
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N. Culleton, J. Murphy and H. Tunney |
64-65 |
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Comparison of phosphorus fertilizer recommendations for grassland. |
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J. Humphreys, H. Tunney and P. Duggan |
66-67 |
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Improvement of the phosphate fertiliser recommendations for flower bulbs. |
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P. Ehlert, P. de Willigen, G. Brouwer and O. Oenema |
68-69 |
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Interculture - an opportunity to utilize phosphorus reserves in soil. |
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B. Eichler and D. Köppen |
70-71 |
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3. Soil phosphorus tests as indicators of phosphorus loss |
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Environmentally sound soil phosphorus tests for sustainable agricultural systems. |
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R. Indiati and N. Rossi |
74-75 |
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Relating soil and runoff phosphorus in an agricultural catchment in the |
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J. Weld, A.N. Sharpley, D. Beegle and B. Gburek |
76-77 |
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Soil indicators for management practice and phosphorus leaching losses: |
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R. Meissner, P. Leinweber, J. Seeger and K.U. Eckhardt |
78-79 |
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Phosphorus in soils and surface water from the Harle-catchment: |
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P. Leinweber |
80-81 |
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Enzymatic determination of bioavailable organic phosphorus in runoff. |
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B.L. Turner and P.M. Haygarth |
82-83 |
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4. Soil phosphorus characterisation |
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Influence of soil pH amendment on phosphorus desorption. |
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I. Garcia-Rodeja and F. Gil-Sotres |
86-87 |
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Effect of alum-treated and untreated poultry litter on soil test phosphorus. |
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M.L. Self-Davis, P.A. Moore, Jr., T.C. Daniel and D.R. Edwards |
88-89 |
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Evaluation of losses of phosphorus occluded in iron oxides to water. |
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J. Torrent, A. Delgano and J.M. Ruiz |
90-91 |
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National P loss model: I. phosphorus dynamics of Irish soils. |
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K. Daly, D. Jeffrey and H. Tunney |
92-93 |
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The relation between soil solution phosphorus composition and soil |
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M. Hens, R. Merckx and K. Vlassak |
94-95 |
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Long term sorption of phosphorus in relation to soil test values and |
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R.O. Maguire, R.H. Foy and J.S. Bailey |
96-97 |
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Factors influencing the relationship between Olsen and calcium chloride extractable phosphorus from some Irish soils. |
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R.O. Maguire, R.H. Foy and J.S. Bailey |
98-99 |
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Phosphorus sorption-desorption kinetics in surface layers of soil from |
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R. Anderson, Y. Wu and P. Christie |
100-101 |
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Movement of phosphorus down the soil profile, as indicated by Morgan phosphorus values. |
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K. Richards, C. Coxon and M. Ryan |
102-103 |
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The retention and release of phosphorus from soil. |
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L. Blake and A.E. Johnston |
104-105 |
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Transformation of phosphorus in soil mixed with sewage sludge in |
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I. Barbolina and E. Otabbong |
106-107 |
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Phosphorus transfer between red clover and ryegrass via arbuscular |
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X. Li, W. Ai and P. Christie |
108-109 |
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Field scale spatial variability of soil phosphorus characteristics: degree |
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M. Geypens, M. Drouillon and L. Vanongeval |
110 |
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5. Buffer zones and wetlands |
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The structure and function of Danish riparian buffer zones. |
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A. Laubel, B. Kronvang and S.E. Larsen |
112-113 |
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Phosphorus retention in riparian buffer zones in agricultural landscapes in Estonia. |
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V. Kuusemets, Ü. Mander, M. Ivask and K. Lõhmus |
114-115 |
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Phosphorus movements in riparian buffer systems receiving swine lagoon effluent. |
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R.K. Hubbard, G.L. Newton and J.G. Davis |
116-117 |
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Phosphorus release kinetics of soils in a restored wetland. |
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J.S Robinson and K.R. Reddy |
118-119 |
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6. Surface and erosion phosphorus transport |
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Effect of high available phosphorus corn and phytase enzyme addition |
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P.A. Moore, Jr., T.C. Daniel, W.E. Huff, M.L. Self-Davis, D.R. Edwards, D.J. Nichols, W.F. Jaynes, G.R. Huff, J.M. Balog, N.C. Rath, P.W. Waldroup, and V. Raboy |
122-123 |
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Phosphorus in run-off from agricultural land receiving sewage sludge. |
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P.J.A. Withers |
124-125 |
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Phosphorus in run-off following manure applications to arable land. |
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K.A. Smith and D.R. Jackson |
126-127 |
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Phosphorus export with overland flow from agricultural grassland. |
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I. Kurz, C. Coxon and H. Tunney |
128-129 |
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Release and bioavailability of phosphorus in erosion and runoff from |
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R. Basantra, B. Soto and F. Díaz-Fierros |
130-131 |
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Phosphorus losses with different management practices in a silty soil area in Sweden. |
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B. Ulén |
132-133 |
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Preliminary rainfall simulation studies on phosphorus losses from a silt loam soil. |
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W. Schiettecatte, D. Gabriels and G. Hofman |
134-135 |
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Phosphorus transport with sediment particles as affected by the |
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P. Strauss and A. Mentler |
136-137 |
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Phosphorus losses caused by water erosion on slopes: results from |
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D. Deumlich |
138-139 |
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7. Phosphorus in soil leachate and drainage water |
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Phosphorus losses following manure applications to a drained clay soil |
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R.A. Hodgkinson, J.R. Williams and B.J. Chambers |
142-143 |
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Phosphorus leaching from soils enriched with phosphorus loadings from |
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A.G. Chalmers and P.J.A. Withers |
144-145 |
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Phosphorus losses in drainage as affected by tillage and soil texture. |
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R.R. Simard, A. Vanasse and G.D. Leroux |
146-147 |
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Phosphorus content in drainage water from cultivated soils in the |
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N. Rossi and L. Cavani |
148-149 |
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Tile drains as a pathway for phosphorus loss in small catchments. |
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R.A.Hodgkinson and P.J.A. Withers |
150-151 |
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Phosphorus in leachate from grassland soils. |
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B.L. Turner and P.M. Haygarth |
152-153 |
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The concentration of dissolved reactive phosphorus in drainage water |
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T. Peltovuori |
154-155 |
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Mineral phosphorus fertiliser effects on phosphorus losses and |
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P. Leinweber, J.A. Catt and K.R. Howse |
156-157 |
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Evaluating strategies to reduce nitrate and phosphate loss to |
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J.E. Lott, R.J. Parkinson, M.P. Fuller and L. Beattie |
158-159 |
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Phosphorus in Irish aquifers: implications for input to surface waters. |
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G. Kilroy, C. Coxon, K. Rybaczuk and N. Allott |
160-161 |
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Transfer of colloidal forms of phosphorus in subsurface hydrological pathways. |
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R.A. Matthews, N. Preedy, A.L. Heathwaite and P.M. Haygarth |
162-163 |
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8. Phosphorus export at the stream and catchment scales |
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Phosphorus loss to water: a comparison of two physically and |
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P.S. Hooda, H.A. Anderson, A.C. Edwards and I.F. Svoboda |
166-167 |
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Baseline DRP export for nutrient management planning in a dairy farm-unit catchment. |
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T.G. Morgan, Q. Xie, M. Devins, G. Kiely and H. Tunney |
168-169 |
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Sediment and phosphorus delivery from agricultural catchments in Central Belgium. |
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A. Steegen, G. Govers, L. Beuselinck and R. Merckx |
170-171 |
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The impact of channel erosion on phosphorus loss in small central German catchments. |
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M. Rode |
172-173 |
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Underestimation of phosphorus transported in rivers due to statistical |
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S.D. Lennox and R.V. Smith |
174-175 |
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Phosphorus dynamics within a stream ecosystem. |
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B.E. Haggard, D.E. Storm, E.H. Stanley, M.D. Smolen and C.T. Haan |
176-177 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Identifying the spring input loading of soluble reactive phosphorus as |
|
|
|
S.D. Lennox, R.V. Smith and K.M. Stronge |
178-179 |
|
|
|
|
|
9. Catchment phosphorus export models |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A systematic approach to predict phosphorus transfer from |
|
|
|
A.I. Fraser and T.R. Harrod |
182-183 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Predicting phosphorus loads at the catchment scale. |
|
|
|
S.O. McGuckin, C. Jordan and R.V. Smith |
184-185 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
National P loss model: II. Modelling phosphorus datasets on a national scale. |
|
|
|
K. Daly, P. Mills, B. Coulter and H. Tunney |
186-187 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sources and methods of reducing phosphorus inputs from agriculture to |
|
|
|
K. Castle, P. Towler and G. Mackenzie |
188-189 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Modelling historical phosphorus losses from land to freshwater. |
|
|
|
P. Jordan, B. Rippey and N.J. Anderson |
190-191 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Estimating historical phosphorus loads to a small, highly flushed lake |
|
|
|
P. Jordan, B. Rippey and H. Tunney |
192-193 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Modelling agricultural phosphorus export from a coastal plain |
|
|
|
P.A. Vadas and J.T. Sims |
194 |
List of speakers and delegates 195-200
Author Index 201-202